總警司警誡

总警司警诫

Superintendent's Caution

總警司警誡的性質和警司警誡相似，主要針對65歲或以上的長者。若果他們所犯的罪行輕微﹑無涉及傷人、毒品以及性罪行及在過往沒有刑事案底，一名實任總警司職級或以上的警務人員便可以行使酌情權，對該涉案長者作出總警司警誡而不向法庭提出起訴。

总警司警诫的性质和警司警诫相似，主要针对65岁或以上的长者。若果他们所犯的罪行轻微、无涉及伤人、毒品以及性罪行及在过往没有刑事案底，一名实任总警司职级或以上的警务人员便可以行使酌情权，对该涉案长者作出总警司警诫而不向法庭提出起诉。

Superintendent's Caution is similar in nature to Superintendent's Warning, primarily targeting elderly persons aged 65 or above. If the offenses they committed are minor, do not involve injury, drugs or sexual offenses, and they have no prior criminal record, a police officer of the rank of substantive Senior Superintendent or above may exercise discretion to issue a Superintendent's Caution to the elderly person involved without prosecuting them in court.

一般常見可以考慮以總警司警誡處理的案件包括:

一般常见可以考虑以总警司警诫处理的案件包括:

Common cases that may be considered for Superintendent's Caution include:

• 盜竊 (例如: 偷竊低價值物品)
• 盗窃 (例如: 偷窃低价值物品)
• Theft (e.g., stealing low-value items)
• 街頭聚賭，等等。
• 街头聚赌，等等。
• Street gambling, etc.

從上可見，總警司警誡可以給予犯案長者一個改過自身的機會。而在考慮有關長者的控罪是否可以用總警司警誡形式去處理時，有關警務人員會考慮多種因素。梁漢威律師行會詳細瞭解涉案長者客戶的情況﹑案情以及控罪，以提供專業的法律服務。

从上可见，总警司警诫可以给予犯案长者一个改过自身的机会。而在考虑有关长者的控罪是否可以用总警司警诫形式去处理时，有关警务人员会考虑多种因素。梁汉威律师行会详细了解涉案长者客户的情况、案情以及控罪，以提供专业的法律服务。

As can be seen from the above, Superintendent's Caution can give elderly offenders an opportunity to reform themselves. When considering whether an elderly person's charges can be handled through Superintendent's Caution, the relevant police officers will consider various factors. Hugo Leung & Lawyers will thoroughly understand the circumstances of the elderly client involved, the case details, and the charges, to provide professional legal services.

簽保守行為

签保守行为

Bind-Over

簽保守行為 ("Bind-Over") 是一項預防犯罪的措施。被告人須透過擔保方式 (以自簽形式或由其他保證人擔保)，在不超過3年的擔保期內 (時間由法庭設定)，向法庭承諾保持行為良好及遵守法紀。

签保守行为 ("Bind-Over") 是一项预防犯罪的措施。被告人须透过担保方式 (以自签形式或由其他保证人担保)，在不超过3年的担保期内 (时间由法庭设定)，向法庭承诺保持行为良好及遵守法纪。

Bind-Over is a crime prevention measure. The defendant must, through a surety arrangement (either by self-signing or by another guarantor), promise to the court to maintain good behavior and comply with the law within a guarantee period not exceeding 3 years (the time is set by the court).

簽保令中會列明在擔保期內簽保人不能犯的事，一般與控罪相關，例如簽保人被控告普通襲擊罪，簽保令中便會指明簽保人在擔保期間不可再犯與暴力相關的罪行。簽保人如果違反簽保，他便需要繳付某個指定金額的擔保金。

签保令中会列明在担保期内签保人不能犯的事，一般与控罪相关，例如签保人被控告普通袭击罪，签保令中便会指明签保人在担保期间不可再犯与暴力相关的罪行。签保人如果违反签保，他便需要缴付某个指定金额的担保金。

The bind-over order will specify what the person under bind-over cannot do during the guarantee period, generally related to the charges. For example, if the person under bind-over is charged with common assault, the bind-over order will specify that the person cannot commit violence-related offenses during the guarantee period. If the person under bind-over violates the bind-over, they will need to pay a specified amount of the guarantee money.

一般「簽保守行為」最常見的情況是在被告人被刑事起訴後以及正式答辯 (即向法庭表示是否認罪) 前，由被告人公開在法庭上承認有關的案情及表示同意「簽保守行為」("Bind-Over")，以換取控方「不提證供起訴」(”Offering No Evidence”) ，簡稱 "ONE/BO"。

一般「签保守行为」最常见的情况是在被告人被刑事起诉后以及正式答辩 (即向法庭表示是否认罪) 前，由被告人公开在法庭上承认有关的案情及表示同意「签保守行为」("Bind-Over")，以换取控方「不提证供起诉」("Offering No Evidence") ，简称 "ONE/BO"。

The most common situation for "Bind-Over" is after the defendant has been criminally prosecuted and before formal plea (i.e., indicating to the court whether they plead guilty), the defendant publicly admits the relevant case facts in court and agrees to "Bind-Over" in exchange for the prosecution "Offering No Evidence", abbreviated as "ONE/BO".

"ONE/BO" 的好處在於被告人不會留有案底，因為舉證責任在於控方，若控方不提證供起訴，被告人便不會入罪，而有關的控罪亦等同被撤銷。

"ONE/BO" 的好处在于被告人不会留有案底，因为举证责任在于控方，若控方不提证供起诉，被告人便不会入罪，而有关的控罪亦等同被撤销。

The benefit of "ONE/BO" is that the defendant will not have a criminal record, because the burden of proof lies with the prosecution. If the prosecution offers no evidence, the defendant will not be convicted, and the relevant charges will be effectively dismissed.

而一般常見可申請「簽保守行為」的罪行則包括：

而一般常见可申请「签保守行为」的罪行则包括：

Common offenses for which "Bind-Over" can be applied include:

• 盜竊罪 (例如：店鋪盜竊)
• 盗窃罪 (例如：店铺盗窃)
• Theft (e.g., shoplifting)
• 普通襲擊
• 普通袭击
• Common assault
• 刑事毀壞
• 刑事毁坏
• Criminal damage
• 在公眾地方非法打鬥
• 在公众地方非法打斗
• Unlawful fighting in a public place
• 對所看管兒童或少年虐待或忽略
• 对所看管儿童或少年虐待或忽略
• Abuse or neglect of children or juveniles under care
• 管有危險藥物 (例如：管有少量大麻)
• 管有危险药物 (例如：管有少量大麻)
• Possession of dangerous drugs (e.g., possession of a small amount of cannabis)
• 管有第一部毒藥 (例如：管有少量 含昔多芬的藥物， 即「偉哥」) 等等。
• 管有第一部毒药 (例如：管有少量 含昔多芬的药物， 即「伟哥」) 等等。
• Possession of Part I poisons (e.g., possession of a small amount of sildenafil-containing drugs, i.e., "Viagra"), etc.

而根據律政司《檢控守則》第 10.7 段，簽保守行為 ("Bind-Over") 特別適用於初犯者及輕微罪行個案。而控方決定是否同意被告人「簽保守行為」時必須考慮下列因素：

而根据律政司《检控守则》第 10.7 段，签保守行为 ("Bind-Over") 特别适用于初犯者及轻微罪行个案。而控方决定是否同意被告人「签保守行为」时必须考虑下列因素：

According to paragraph 10.7 of the Department of Justice's "Prosecution Code", Bind-Over is particularly suitable for first-time offenders and minor offense cases. When deciding whether to agree to the defendant's "Bind-Over", the prosecution must consider the following factors:

• 提出檢控是否符合公眾利益；
• 提出检控是否符合公众利益；
• Whether prosecution is in the public interest;
• 犯罪者承受的後果，會否與罪行的嚴重程度亳不相稱；
• 犯罪者承受的后果，会否与罪行的严重程度毫不相称；
• Whether the consequences borne by the offender would be disproportionate to the seriousness of the offense;
• 若被定罪可能帶來什麼刑罰；
• 若被定罪可能带来什么刑罚；
• What penalties may result if convicted;
• 犯罪者的年齡、犯罪紀錄、品格、精神狀態(犯案時及現時)；
• 犯罪者的年龄、犯罪纪录、品格、精神状态(犯案时及现时)；
• The offender's age, criminal record, character, and mental state (at the time of the offense and currently);
• 受害者的意見；
• 受害者的意见；
• The victim's opinion;
• 犯罪者對有關罪行的態度。
• 犯罪者对有关罪行的态度。
• The offender's attitude towards the relevant offense.

由此可見，控方只能在其認為適當的情況下才會同意「不提證供起訴，自簽保守行為 ("ONE/BO")」的做法。同時，由於ONE/BO亦需要得到法庭批准，故此如何說服控方以及法庭是關鍵。梁漢威律師行會詳細瞭解客戶的情況﹑控罪以及案情，以提供專業的法律服務。

由此可见，控方只能在其认为适当的情况下才会同意「不提证供起诉，自签保守行为 ("ONE/BO")」的做法。同时，由于ONE/BO亦需要得到法庭批准，故此如何说服控方以及法庭是关键。梁汉威律师行会详细了解客户的情况、控罪以及案情，以提供专业的法律服务。

It can be seen that the prosecution will only agree to the "Offering No Evidence, Bind-Over (ONE/BO)" approach when it deems it appropriate. At the same time, since ONE/BO also requires court approval, how to persuade both the prosecution and the court is key. Hugo Leung & Lawyers will thoroughly understand the client's circumstances, charges, and case details to provide professional legal services.

公屋漏報資產

公屋漏报资产

Under-reporting of Assets for Public Housing

公屋住戶漏報資產屬違法行為，一經定罪，可能面臨罰款、監禁，以及被追繳補足租金，並會被終止租約。漏報的資產包括香港以外的物業、租金收入、股票、保險的現金價值和紅利收入等。

公屋住户漏报资产属违法行为，一经定罪，可能面临罚款、监禁，以及被追缴补足租金，并会被终止租约。漏报的资产包括香港以外的物业、租金收入、股票、保险的现金价值和红利收入等。

Under-reporting of assets by public housing tenants is illegal. Upon conviction, they may face fines, imprisonment, recovery of rent shortfalls, and termination of tenancy. Under-reported assets include properties outside Hong Kong, rental income, stocks, cash value of insurance, and dividend income, etc.

1. 公屋申報的資產範圍：

1. 公屋申报的资产范围：

1. Scope of Assets for Public Housing Declaration:

公屋資產申報涵蓋：

公屋资产申报涵盖：

Public housing asset declaration covers:

• 存款、現金、投資
• 存款、现金、投资
• Deposits, cash, investments
• 車輛、物業（含內地及海外）
• 车辆、物业（含内地及海外）
• Vehicles, properties (including Mainland China and overseas)
• 經營業務
• 经营业务
• Business operations
• 的士/公共小型巴士牌照
• 的士/公共小型巴士牌照
• Taxi/public light bus licenses
• 停車位、土地等一切資產
• 停车位、土地等一切资产
• Parking spaces, land, and all other assets

申報的資產須扣除因工傷、職業退休保障計劃或強積金計劃而一次性取得的賠償金，以及因家庭成員離世而收到的保險賠償金。若申報資產超出以家庭人數為基準的淨值限額，住戶可能受「雙倍租金」或「遷出」等措施影響。具體可申報項目包括流動資產（存款、現金、借出的貸款）、投資與業務（投資所得、經營業務等）、交通工具（車輛、牌照與車輛）、不動產（物業、停車位、土地），以及其他收入（綜援、親友資助、離婚贍養費等），並且海外及內地資產亦須申報。

申报的资产须扣除因工伤、职业退休保障计划或强积金计划而一次性取得的赔偿金，以及因家庭成员离世而收到的保险赔偿金。若申报资产超出以家庭人数为基准的净值限额，住户可能受「双倍租金」或「迁出」等措施影响。具体可申报项目包括流动资产（存款、现金、借出的贷款）、投资与业务（投资所得、经营业务等）、交通工具（车辆、牌照与车辆）、不动产（物业、停车位、土地），以及其他收入（综援、亲友资助、离婚赡养费等），并且海外及内地资产亦须申报。

Declared assets must exclude one-time compensation received from work injuries, occupational retirement protection schemes or MPF schemes, as well as insurance compensation received due to the death of family members. If declared assets exceed the net asset limit based on family size, tenants may be subject to measures such as "double rent" or "eviction". Specific declarable items include liquid assets (deposits, cash, loans extended), investments and business (investment income, business operations, etc.), vehicles (vehicles, licenses and vehicles), real estate (properties, parking spaces, land), and other income (CSSA, financial support from relatives and friends, divorce alimony, etc.), and overseas and Mainland assets must also be declared.

2. 公屋漏報資產刑責：

2. 公屋漏报资产刑责：

2. Criminal Liability for Under-reporting Assets in Public Housing:

違規申報可能導致多重嚴厲處罰，包括：首先若違反《房屋條例》第26條「明知而作出虛假陳述」，可面臨最高50,000港元罰款及最多6個月監禁；其次可能被追討相當於少收租金三倍的補足租金罰款；再者房委會可發出終止租約通知並收回公屋單位；最後在未來五年內不得申請公屋，且可能無法獲得較好質素的公屋單位。

违规申报可能导致多重严厉处罚，包括：首先若违反《房屋条例》第26条「明知而作出虚假陈述」，可面临最高50,000港元罚款及最多6个月监禁；其次可能被追讨相当于少收租金三倍的补足租金罚款；再者房委会可发出终止租约通知并收回公屋单位；最后在未来五年内不得申请公屋，且可能无法获得较好质素的公屋单位。

Non-compliant declarations may result in multiple severe penalties, including: first, if in violation of Section 26 of the Housing Ordinance for "knowingly making false statements", one may face a maximum fine of HK$50,000 and up to 6 months imprisonment; second, recovery of rent shortfall equivalent to three times the undercharged rent; third, the Housing Authority may issue a notice of tenancy termination and recover the public housing unit; finally, one will be barred from applying for public housing for five years and may not be able to obtain better quality public housing units.

3. 預防公屋漏報資產：

3. 预防公屋漏报资产：

3. Prevention of Under-reporting Assets in Public Housing:

公屋申報的核心在於全面且如實申報資產與入息，包括香港及海外住宅物業、存款、投資、車輛等所有資產，以及受僱收入、投資利息、退休金等所有入息，並依規定定期提交申報表。住戶需了解並遵守房委會的申報規定與期限，並留意「富戶政策」的適用條件：若居住滿十年的公屋住戶若不符合規定，可能面臨繳交雙倍租金或遷出單位的後果。

公屋申报的核心在于全面且如实申报资产与入息，包括香港及海外住宅物业、存款、投资、车辆等所有资产，以及受雇收入、投资利息、退休金等所有入息，并依规定定期提交申报表。住户需了解并遵守房委会的申报规定与期限，并留意「富户政策」的适用条件：若居住满十年的公屋住户若不符合规定，可能面临缴交双倍租金或迁出单位的后果。

The core of public housing declaration lies in comprehensive and truthful reporting of assets and income, including all assets such as residential properties in Hong Kong and overseas, deposits, investments, vehicles, etc., as well as all income such as employment income, investment interest, pensions, etc., and submitting declaration forms regularly as required. Tenants need to understand and comply with the Housing Authority's declaration requirements and deadlines, and be aware of the applicable conditions of the "Well-off Tenants Policy": public housing tenants who have lived for ten years and do not meet the requirements may face the consequences of paying double rent or vacating the unit.

梁漢威律師行會詳細瞭解客戶的情況﹑控罪以及案情，以提供專業的法律服務。

梁汉威律师行会详细了解客户的情况、控罪以及案情，以提供专业的法律服务。

Hugo Leung & Lawyers will thoroughly understand the client's circumstances, charges, and case details to provide professional legal services.

洗黑錢

洗黑钱

Money Laundering

洗黑錢指將透過犯罪或非法手段取得的資金，經過金融流程和各種操作，使之看似合法化，常與貪污、詐騙、賭博等犯罪以及毒品、恐怖活動等有組織犯罪相關，且常以跨國手法進行；其核心特徵是高額且來源不明的資金在不同帳戶間流動，透過虛偽或實質的經濟活動模糊或掩蓋資金來源。

洗黑钱指将通过犯罪或非法手段取得的资金，经过金融流程和各种操作，使之看似合法化，常与贪污、诈骗、赌博等犯罪以及毒品、恐怖活动等有组织犯罪相关，且常以跨国手法进行；其核心特征是高额且来源不明的资金在不同账户间流动，通过虚伪或实质的经济活动模糊或掩盖资金来源。

Money laundering refers to the process of making funds obtained through criminal or illegal means appear legitimate through financial processes and various operations. It is often associated with crimes such as corruption, fraud, gambling, as well as organized crimes such as drugs and terrorist activities, and is often conducted through cross-border methods. Its core characteristic is the flow of large amounts of funds of unknown origin between different accounts, obscuring or concealing the source of funds through false or substantive economic activities.

1. 洗黑錢常見步驟：

1. 洗黑钱常见步骤：

1. Common Steps in Money Laundering:

洗黑錢的過程可分為三個核心階段：存放（將犯罪所得納入金融體系）、掩藏（將資金轉換並以複雜交易隱匿來源）、整合（使清洗後的資金看似合法地融入經濟體系）。這三個階段常重疊且互相交替，增加追查難度。實務上，若資金使用情形符合這些特徵，銀行須認定為洗黑錢並負責通報。

洗黑钱的过程可分为三个核心阶段：存放（将犯罪所得纳入金融体系）、掩藏（将资金转换并以复杂交易隐匿来源）、整合（使清洗后的资金看似合法地融入经济体系）。这三个阶段常重叠且互相交替，增加追查难度。实务上，若资金使用情形符合这些特征，银行须认定为洗黑钱并负责通报。

The money laundering process can be divided into three core stages: placement (introducing criminal proceeds into the financial system), layering (converting funds and concealing their origin through complex transactions), and integration (making the laundered funds appear to be legitimately integrated into the economic system). These three stages often overlap and alternate with each other, increasing the difficulty of investigation. In practice, if the use of funds matches these characteristics, banks must identify it as money laundering and be responsible for reporting it.

2. 洗黑錢常見手法：

2. 洗黑钱常见手法：

2. Common Methods of Money Laundering:

• 購買古董珠寶或具價值收藏品、高價中古精品：利用低買高賣的假買賣，將錢以合法的交易方式，洗到目的帳號。
• 购买古董珠宝或具价值收藏品、高价中古精品：利用低买高卖的假买卖，将钱以合法的交易方式，洗到目的账号。
• Purchasing antiques, jewelry, or valuable collectibles, high-value vintage luxury items: Using fake buy-low-sell-high transactions to launder money through legitimate trading methods to target accounts.
• 紙上公司的假買賣：用空殼公司做假交易、股票投資、償還債務等方式洗黑錢。
• 纸上公司的假买卖：用空壳公司做假交易、股票投资、偿还债务等方式洗黑钱。
• Fake transactions through shell companies: Using shell companies for fake transactions, stock investments, debt repayment, and other methods to launder money.
• 跨國交易：利用交易金額造假灌水的方式，透過合法的方式將金錢匯往外國掮客的帳戶。
• 跨国交易：利用交易金额造假灌水的方式，通过合法的方式将金钱汇往外国掮客的账户。
• Cross-border transactions: Using inflated transaction amounts through false reporting, transferring money to foreign brokers' accounts through legitimate means.
• 地下匯兌：將現金兌換為外國的無記名與背書的支票，供客戶至外國的帳戶存入。
• 地下汇兑：将现金兑换为外国的无记名与背书的支票，供客户至外国的账户存入。
• Underground currency exchange: Converting cash into foreign bearer and endorsed checks for clients to deposit into foreign accounts.
• 人頭炒樓：使用人頭購買房地產，以現金支付，然後在短期內快速脫手獲利。
• 人头炒楼：使用人头购买房地产，以现金支付，然后在短期内快速脱手获利。
• Property speculation using nominees: Using nominees to purchase real estate, paying in cash, then quickly selling for profit within a short period.

3. 如何預防洗黑錢：

3. 如何预防洗黑钱：

3. How to Prevent Money Laundering:

防範要點包括謹慎管理個人資料、不要把銀行戶口借給他人使用、不要向陌生人透露戶口資訊。

防范要点包括谨慎管理个人资料、不要把银行户口借给他人使用、不要向陌生人透露户口资讯。

Prevention measures include carefully managing personal information, not lending bank accounts to others, and not disclosing account information to strangers.

銀行可能會因為用途與申報不符、或長時間不動、或出現不尋常交易而凍結戶口；如凍結，需按銀行指示提供證明或交易以解凍。

银行可能会因为用途与申报不符、或长时间不动、或出现不寻常交易而冻结户口；如冻结，需按银行指示提供证明或交易以解冻。

Banks may freeze accounts due to discrepancies between declared and actual use, prolonged inactivity, or unusual transactions. If frozen, it is necessary to provide proof or transaction records as instructed by the bank to unfreeze the account.

若發現可疑洗黑錢活動，應立即向執法部門報告，並在遇到戶口被凍結時儘快與銀行聯繫並求助。

若发现可疑洗黑钱活动，应立即向执法部门报告，并在遇到户口被冻结时尽快与银行联系并求助。

If suspicious money laundering activities are discovered, they should be reported to law enforcement immediately, and when encountering frozen accounts, contact the bank as soon as possible and seek help.

梁漢威律師行會詳細瞭解客戶的情況﹑控罪以及案情，以提供專業的法律服務。

梁汉威律师行会详细了解客户的情况、控罪以及案情，以提供专业的法律服务。

Hugo Leung & Lawyers will thoroughly understand the client's circumstances, charges, and case details to provide professional legal services.

搜查處所

搜查处所

Search of Premises

小明某一天在街上被警務人員截停及搜查，警務人員在他袋中發現一包懷疑毒品，隨後拘捕了小明。由於警方懷疑小明家中可能藏有更多的毒品，所以警方向小明要求搜屋以作進一步搜證。小明想知道，究竟在什麼情況下警方/執法部門可以到其私人處所/單位進行搜查呢？

小明某一天在街上被警务人员截停及搜查，警务人员在他袋中发现一包怀疑毒品，随后拘捕了小明。由于警方怀疑小明家中可能藏有更多的毒品，所以警方向小明要求搜屋以作进一步搜证。小明想知道，究竟在什么情况下警方/执法部门可以到其私人处所/单位进行搜查呢？

One day, Xiao Ming was stopped and searched by police officers on the street. The police officers found a suspected package of drugs in his bag and subsequently arrested Xiao Ming. As the police suspected that Xiao Ming's home might contain more drugs, they requested to search his home for further evidence. Xiao Ming wanted to know, under what circumstances can the police/law enforcement agencies search his private premises/unit?

在一般刑事案件的調查過程中，執法部門或會認為有需要進入疑犯的處所/單位 (例如家中) 進一步搜集證據。而在不同的情況下，執法部門對進入疑犯的處所/單位進行搜查亦有不同的權限。

在一般刑事案件的调查过程中，执法部门或会认为有需要进入疑犯的处所/单位 (例如家中) 进一步搜集证据。而在不同的情况下，执法部门对进入疑犯的处所/单位进行搜查亦有不同的权限。

In the investigation process of general criminal cases, law enforcement agencies may consider it necessary to enter the suspect's premises/unit (such as their home) to gather further evidence. Under different circumstances, law enforcement agencies have different powers to search the suspect's premises/unit.

(以警方搜查處所為例) 3種情況警方可以進入處所/單位進行搜查

(以警方搜查处所为例) 3种情况警方可以进入处所/单位进行搜查

(Using police search of premises as an example) 3 situations where police can enter premises/units to conduct searches

1. 警方持有由裁判官發出的手令(即搜查令)

1. 警方持有由裁判官发出的手令(即搜查令)

1. Police Hold a Warrant Issued by a Magistrate (i.e., Search Warrant)

警方會以宣誓形式向裁判官提出與案有關的證據，證明有合理懷疑在該處所/單位內有任何對案件調查有價值的物品。在持有搜查令的情況下，警方有權進入該處所/單位進行搜查，必要時更可以破門入屋搜查處所。

警方会以宣誓形式向裁判官提出与案有关的证据，证明有合理怀疑在该处所/单位内有任何对案件调查有价值的物品。在持有搜查令的情况下，警方有权进入该处所/单位进行搜查，必要时更可以破门入屋搜查处所。

The police will present evidence related to the case to the magistrate in the form of an oath, proving that there is reasonable suspicion that there are items of value to the case investigation within the premises/unit. When holding a search warrant, the police have the right to enter the premises/unit to conduct a search, and if necessary, may break in to search the premises.

2. 警方有理由及需要入屋拘捕疑犯

2. 警方有理由及需要入屋拘捕疑犯

2. Police Have Reason and Need to Enter to Arrest Suspect

根據香港法例 第232章《警隊條例》第50(3)條，「如任何警務人員有理由相信任何須予逮捕的人已進入或置身在某處，則居住在該處或管理該處的人在該警務人員提出要求時，須容許該警務人員自由進入該處，並給予一切合理的便利，以便他在內搜查。」

根据香港法例 第232章《警队条例》第50(3)条，「如任何警务人员有理由相信任何须予逮捕的人已进入或置身在某处，则居住在该处或管理该处的人在该警务人员提出要求时，须容许该警务人员自由进入该处，并给予一切合理的便利，以便他在内搜查。」

According to Section 50(3) of Chapter 232 of the Hong Kong Laws, the Police Force Ordinance, "If any police officer has reason to believe that any person to be arrested has entered or is in any place, the person residing in or managing that place shall, when requested by that police officer, allow that police officer free entry to that place and give all reasonable facilities for him to search therein."

由此可見，若果警方有理由相信該處所/單位有任何須要逮捕的人在內，便可以在沒有搜查令的情況下進入該處所/單位，並進行搜查。

由此可见，若果警方有理由相信该处所/单位有任何须要逮捕的人在内，便可以在没有搜查令的情况下进入该处所/单位，并进行搜查。

It can be seen that if the police have reason to believe that there is any person to be arrested within the premises/unit, they can enter the premises/unit and conduct a search without a search warrant.

3. 得到業主或佔用人的同意

3. 得到业主或占用人的同意

3. Obtaining Consent from Owner or Occupier

除了上述兩種情況外，若果警方得到該處所/單位的業主或佔用人同意，則可進入進行搜證工作，但業主或佔用人亦有權拒絕。

除了上述两种情况外，若果警方得到该处所/单位的业主或占用人同意，则可进入进行搜证工作，但业主或占用人亦有权拒绝。

Apart from the above two situations, if the police obtain consent from the owner or occupier of the premises/unit, they may enter to conduct evidence gathering work, but the owner or occupier also has the right to refuse.

梁漢威律師行對不同執法部門的調查程序有充分的認識和經驗，能夠為不同的客戶提供專業優質的法律意見和服務。梁漢威律師行亦會詳細了解客戶的情況及審視控方在證據上的強弱，以提供適合的法律意見。如有任何疑問，歡迎聯絡本行作查詢。

梁汉威律师行对不同执法部门的调查程序有充分的认识和经验，能够为不同的客户提供专业优质的法律意见和服务。梁汉威律师行亦会详细了解客户的情况及审视控方在证据上的强弱，以提供适合的法律意见。如有任何疑问，欢迎联络本行作查询。

Hugo Leung & Lawyers has sufficient knowledge and experience with the investigation procedures of different law enforcement agencies and can provide professional and quality legal advice and services to different clients. Hugo Leung & Lawyers will also thoroughly understand the client's situation and review the strengths and weaknesses of the prosecution's evidence to provide appropriate legal advice. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us for inquiries.

店舖盜竊

店铺盗窃

Shop Theft

小明一天在逛超級市場時，看到一款最新口味的朱古力，小明馬上把它放進口袋。其後於離開時，由於小明未付款，所以超級市場的警報響起。超級市場的工作人員報警，其後警察以「盜竊」罪拘捕了小明。

小明一天在逛超级市场时，看到一款最新口味的巧克力，小明马上把它放进口袋。其后于离开时，由于小明未付款，所以超级市场的警报响起。超级市场的工作人员报警，其后警察以「盗窃」罪拘捕了小明。

One day, while shopping at a supermarket, Xiao Ming saw a new flavor of chocolate and immediately put it in his pocket. Later, when leaving, because Xiao Ming had not paid, the supermarket alarm sounded. The supermarket staff called the police, and subsequently the police arrested Xiao Ming for "theft".

「盜竊 (theft)」是涉及「不誠實」元素中一類常見的案件，而盜竊罪當中又以店舖盜竊最為常見。

「盗窃 (theft)」是涉及「不诚实」元素中一类常见的案件，而盗窃罪当中又以店铺盗窃最为常见。

"Theft" is a common type of case involving the element of "dishonesty", and among theft offenses, shop theft is the most common.

根據香港法例第210章 《盜竊罪條例》第2(1)條，「如任何人不誠實地挪佔屬於另一人的財產，意圖永久地剝奪該另一人的財產，即屬犯盜竊罪。」

根据香港法例第210章 《盗窃罪条例》第2(1)条，「如任何人 dishonest地挪占属于另一人的财产，意图永久地剥夺该另一人的财产，即属犯盗窃罪。」

According to Section 2(1) of Chapter 210 of the Hong Kong Laws, the Theft Ordinance, "A person commits theft if he dishonestly appropriates property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it."

控方在舉證「盜竊」罪時，必須證明被告在拿走物品時有不誠實的意圖，而這個亦是辯方最常爭論的抗辯元素。例如若果被告人只是在離開店舖時忘記了付款，則有機會沒有牽涉不誠實的意圖。

控方在举证「盗窃」罪时，必须证明被告在拿走物品时有不诚实的意图，而这个亦是辩方最常争论的抗辩元素。例如若果被告人只是在离开店铺时忘记了付款，则有机会没有牵涉不诚实的意图。

When prosecuting a "theft" offense, the prosecution must prove that the defendant had a dishonest intention when taking the item, and this is also the defense element most commonly contested by the defense. For example, if the defendant simply forgot to pay when leaving the shop, there may be no dishonest intention involved.

在「盜竊」有關的控罪上，若被告符合條件及情況許可，更可以考慮向律政司申請「不提證供起訴，自簽守行為 (ONE/BO)」，以守行為的承諾去換取律政司不提證供起訴。由於ONE/BO等同撤銷控罪，所以並不會留下案底。梁漢威律師行在處理ONE/BO上有豐富的經驗，可以為客人爭取不留案底結案。

在「盗窃」有关的控罪上，若被告符合条件及情况许可，更可以考虑向律政司申请「不提证供起诉，自签守行为 (ONE/BO)」，以守行为的承诺去换取律政司不提证供起诉。由于ONE/BO等同撤销控罪，所以并不会留下案底。梁汉威律师行在处理ONE/BO上有丰富的经验，可以为客人争取不留案底结案。

For charges related to "theft", if the defendant meets the conditions and circumstances permit, they may consider applying to the Department of Justice for "Offering No Evidence, Bind-Over (ONE/BO)", exchanging a promise of good behavior for the Department of Justice not to offer evidence for prosecution. Since ONE/BO is equivalent to dismissal of charges, it will not result in a criminal record. Hugo Leung & Lawyers has extensive experience in handling ONE/BO cases and can help clients achieve a resolution without a criminal record.

梁漢威律師行對不同執法部門的調查程序有充分的認識和經驗，能夠為不同的客戶提供專業優質的法律意見和服務。梁漢威律師行亦會詳細了解客戶的情況及審視控方在證據上的強弱，以提供適合的法律意見。如有任何疑問，歡迎聯絡本行作查詢。

梁汉威律师行对不同执法部门的调查程序有充分的认识和经验，能够为不同的客户提供专业优质的法律意见和服务。梁汉威律师行亦会详细了解客户的情况及审视控方在证据上的强弱，以提供适合的法律意见。如有任何疑问，欢迎联络本行作查询。

Hugo Leung & Lawyers has sufficient knowledge and experience with the investigation procedures of different law enforcement agencies and can provide professional and quality legal advice and services to different clients. Hugo Leung & Lawyers will also thoroughly understand the client's situation and review the strengths and weaknesses of the prosecution's evidence to provide appropriate legal advice. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us for inquiries.

通緝人士

通缉人士

Wanted Persons

小明和小美是同居的情侶，有一天，小明在和小美爭吵的過程中怒火中燒，用手掐死了小美。小明很害怕，並在即日離開了香港。其後警方接獲報案，在查閱閉路電視片段時確認了小明疑犯的身份，並打算以「謀殺」罪拘捕小明。然而，由於小明離開了香港，所以警方未能找到小明，其後決定正式發通緝令通緝他。一個月後，小明在回港過境時被入境處告知他是一名被通緝人士，警方到達後正式拘捕了小明。

小明和小美是同居的情侣，有一天，小明在和小美争吵的过程中怒火中烧，用手掐死了小美。小明很害怕，并在即日离开了香港。其后警方接获报案，在查阅闭路电视片段时确认了小明疑犯的身份，并打算以「谋杀」罪拘捕小明。然而，由于小明离开了香港，所以警方未能找到小明，其后决定正式发通缉令通缉他。一个月后，小明在回港过境时被入境处告知他是一名被通缉人士，警方到达后正式拘捕了小明。

Xiao Ming and Xiao Mei were cohabiting partners. One day, during an argument with Xiao Mei, Xiao Ming became enraged and strangled Xiao Mei to death with his hands. Xiao Ming was very frightened and left Hong Kong on the same day. Subsequently, the police received a report and, after reviewing CCTV footage, confirmed Xiao Ming's identity as a suspect and intended to arrest him for "murder". However, as Xiao Ming had left Hong Kong, the police were unable to find him and subsequently decided to formally issue a warrant for his arrest. One month later, when Xiao Ming was returning to Hong Kong through immigration, he was informed by the Immigration Department that he was a wanted person, and the police arrived and formally arrested Xiao Ming.

什麼是通緝？

什么是通缉？

What is a Warrant?

通緝是指執法部門在有需要對任何人士進行拘捕，而又未能找到該人時，所作出的動作，稱為通緝，有關的通緝令一般會由法庭簽發。任何被通緝人士的資料會被記錄在系統中，如該被通緝人士其後在不同情況下被確認他正被通緝的身份 (多數在需要核對其通緝身份的情況)，系統便會通知有關部門到場進行拘捕。

通缉是指执法部门在有需要对任何人士进行拘捕，而又未能找到该人时，所作出的动作，称为通缉，有关的通缉令一般会由法庭签发。任何被通缉人士的资料会被记录在系统中，如该被通缉人士其后在不同情况下被确认他正被通缉的身份 (多数在需要核对其通缉身份的情况)，系统便会通知有关部门到场进行拘捕。

A warrant refers to the action taken by law enforcement agencies when there is a need to arrest any person but they are unable to locate that person. This is called issuing a warrant, and the relevant warrant is generally issued by the court. Information about any wanted person will be recorded in the system. If the wanted person is subsequently identified as being wanted in different circumstances (mostly when their wanted status needs to be verified), the system will notify the relevant departments to arrive and make the arrest.

在被通緝後因被確認身分而被捕的常見情況：

在被通缉后因被确认身份而被捕的常见情况：

Common Situations Where Wanted Persons Are Arrested After Identity Confirmation:

• 跨境過關(例如經機場或陸路跨境口岸如羅湖﹑落馬洲口岸過關)時；
• 跨境过关(例如经机场或陆路跨境口岸如罗湖、落马洲口岸过关)时；
• When crossing borders (e.g., through airports or land border crossings such as Lo Wu or Lok Ma Chau crossings);
• 在街上被警察截停及確認身份時；
• 在街上被警察截停及确认身份时；
• When stopped by police on the street and identity is confirmed;
• 獲聘為公務員作背景審查時等。
• 获聘为公务员作背景审查时等。
• When being hired as a civil servant and undergoing background checks, etc.

通緝一般只適用於刑事案件中，常見例子包括謀殺﹑詐騙以及欠交罰款 (包括交通及非交通的罰款)。

通缉一般只适用于刑事案件中，常见例子包括谋杀、诈骗以及欠交罚款 (包括交通及非交通的罚款)。

Warrants are generally only applicable in criminal cases. Common examples include murder, fraud, and unpaid fines (including both traffic and non-traffic fines).

列隊認人

列队认人

Identification Parade / ID Parade

小明是一宗街頭搶劫案的受害人，在較早時分在街上被一名陌生男子搶去手機。小明其後報警，並向警方調查人員說出他當時看到有關犯案人的外貌特徵。在報案不久後，小明收到警方通知指一名疑犯已經被捕，但需要小明進行列隊認人去辨識出犯案人。小明很疑惑，究竟什麼是列隊認人呢？

小明是一宗街头抢劫案的受害人，在较早时分在街上被一名陌生男子抢去手机。小明其后报警，并向警方调查人员说出他当时看到有关犯案人的外貌特征。在报案不久后，小明收到警方通知指一名疑犯已经被捕，但需要小明进行列队认人去辨识出犯案人。小明很疑惑，究竟什么是列队认人呢？

Xiao Ming was a victim of a street robbery case. Earlier, he was robbed of his mobile phone by a stranger on the street. Xiao Ming subsequently reported to the police and told the investigating officers about the physical characteristics of the perpetrator he saw at the time. Shortly after reporting, Xiao Ming received a notice from the police that a suspect had been arrested, but Xiao Ming needed to conduct an identification parade to identify the perpetrator. Xiao Ming was confused - what exactly is an identification parade?

列隊認人 (Identification Parade / ID Parade) 是一種常見的認人手續。在刑事案件中，執法部門在拘捕疑犯 (尤其當疑犯堅稱自己不是犯案人) 後，在案件有目擊證人的情況下，該執法部門便有機會安排案中證人進行列隊認人，讓證人在多位與疑犯外貌特徵相似的人當中嘗試辨識出真正的犯案人。列隊認人一般會應用於證人和犯案人本來並不互相認識的情況。

列队认人 (Identification Parade / ID Parade) 是一种常见的认人手续。在刑事案件中，执法部门在拘捕疑犯 (尤其当疑犯坚称自己不是犯案人) 后，在案件有目击证人的情况下，该执法部门便有机会安排案中证人进行列队认人，让证人在多位与疑犯外貌特征相似的人当中尝试辨识出真正的犯案人。列队认人一般会应用于证人和犯案人本来并不互相认识的情况。

Identification Parade (ID Parade) is a common identification procedure. In criminal cases, after law enforcement agencies arrest a suspect (especially when the suspect insists they are not the perpetrator), if there are eyewitnesses in the case, the law enforcement agency may arrange for witnesses in the case to conduct an identification parade, allowing witnesses to try to identify the true perpetrator from among multiple people with similar physical characteristics to the suspect. Identification parades are generally used when the witness and the perpetrator did not previously know each other.

1. 列隊認人是如何進行的？

1. 列队认人是如何进行的？

1. How is an Identification Parade Conducted?

以最常見的警察列隊認人為例，一般警方會安排最少8名和疑犯外貌特徵盡可能相似 (例如年齡﹑身形﹑外觀﹑種族等) 的戲子和疑犯一起在認人室內列隊，然後由證人辨識出犯案人。除了從外表辨識外，證人也可以要求戲子和疑犯說出單字或短句，以嘗試用聲音辨識出犯案人。

以最常见的警察列队认人为例，一般警方会安排最少8名和疑犯外貌特征尽可能相似 (例如年龄、身形、外观、种族等) 的戏子和疑犯一起在认人室内列队，然后由证人辨识出犯案人。除了从外表辨识外，证人也可以要求戏子和疑犯说出单字或短句，以尝试用声音辨识出犯案人。

Taking the most common police identification parade as an example, generally the police will arrange at least 8 stand-ins with physical characteristics as similar as possible to the suspect (such as age, build, appearance, race, etc.) to line up together with the suspect in the identification room, and then the witness will identify the perpetrator. In addition to visual identification, witnesses can also ask the stand-ins and suspect to say single words or short phrases to try to identify the perpetrator by voice.

2. 疑犯可以拒絕進行列隊認人嗎？

2. 疑犯可以拒绝进行列队认人吗？

2. Can a Suspect Refuse to Participate in an Identification Parade?

法律上並無規定疑犯必須進行列隊認人，所以疑犯可以拒絕。但即使疑犯拒絕進行列隊認人，警方亦可採用其他方式去確認其身份，包括小組認人(group identification)﹑面對面認人 (identification by confrontation) 及 庭上認人 (dock identification)。

法律上并无规定疑犯必须进行列队认人，所以疑犯可以拒绝。但即使疑犯拒绝进行列队认人，警方亦可采用其他方式去确认其身份，包括小组认人(group identification)、面对面认人 (identification by confrontation) 及 庭上认人 (dock identification)。

There is no legal requirement for a suspect to participate in an identification parade, so a suspect can refuse. However, even if a suspect refuses to participate in an identification parade, the police can use other methods to confirm their identity, including group identification, identification by confrontation, and dock identification.

3. 假若我認出犯案者，我會有機會被他知道身份嗎？

3. 假若我认出犯案者，我会有机会被他知道身份吗？

3. If I Identify the Perpetrator, Will They Have a Chance to Know My Identity?

不會。為了確保證人的個人安全以及列隊認人的公正，認人室會採用單面反光玻璃，所以在認人室內列隊的戲子和疑犯並不能看到證人。同時，在整個認人過程中，負責認人的人員會確保證人不會與戲子和疑犯有任何形式的接觸 (例如雙方會在不同時間或經不同通道進入認人室)，以保證整個列隊認人的程序公平公正。

不会。为了确保证人的个人安全以及列队认人的公正，认人室会采用单面反光玻璃，所以在认人室内列队的戏子和疑犯并不能看到证人。同时，在整个认人过程中，负责认人的人员会确保证人不会与戏子和疑犯有任何形式的接触 (例如双方会在不同时间或经不同通道进入认人室)，以保证整个列队认人的程序公平公正。

No. To ensure the personal safety of witnesses and the fairness of the identification parade, the identification room uses one-way reflective glass, so the stand-ins and suspect lining up in the identification room cannot see the witness. At the same time, throughout the identification process, the personnel responsible for the identification will ensure that the witness has no form of contact with the stand-ins and suspect (for example, both parties will enter the identification room at different times or through different entrances) to ensure the fairness and justice of the entire identification parade procedure.

4. 若果證人未能正確指認疑犯，會有什麼影響呢？

4. 若果证人未能正确指认疑犯，会有什么影响呢？

4. What Impact Will There Be If a Witness Fails to Correctly Identify the Suspect?

若果證人無法在列隊認人的過程中正確的辨認出疑犯，盡管這並不代表該名疑犯已經洗脫嫌疑和會被馬上釋放，但有關部門的確有機會因此未能獲得足夠的證據向該名疑犯正式提出檢控。若果有關執法部門在及後的調查內未能獲得新的證據，該名疑犯有機會被釋放及無需面對審訊。

若果证人无法在列队认人的过程中正确的辨认出疑犯，尽管这并不代表该名疑犯已经洗脱嫌疑和会被马上释放，但有关部门的确有机会因此未能获得足够的证据向该名疑犯正式提出检控。若果有关执法部门在及后的调查内未能获得新的证据，该名疑犯有机会被释放及无需面对审讯。

If a witness is unable to correctly identify the suspect during the identification parade process, although this does not mean that the suspect has been cleared of suspicion and will be immediately released, the relevant department may indeed fail to obtain sufficient evidence to formally prosecute the suspect. If the relevant law enforcement agency is unable to obtain new evidence in subsequent investigations, the suspect may be released and not face trial.

5. 列隊認人需要律師在場嗎？

5. 列队认人需要律师在场吗？

5. Is a Lawyer Required to Be Present During an Identification Parade?

盡管整個列隊認人的過程會由一位沒有參與調查該案的高級警官 (總督察或以上)主持，但在實際過程中仍有機會出現程序不當的情況，這或會導致認人結果出現問題或無法被法庭接受成為呈堂證據，影響最終的檢控及判決。所以，若果有一名了解和熟悉列隊認人程序的律師在場，他便可以在出現任何問題時指出並要求修正相關問題，以確保該次列隊認人能妥善進行和公平公正。

尽管整个列队认人的过程会由一位没有参与调查该案的高级警官 (总督察或以上)主持，但在实际过程中仍有机会出现程序不当的情况，这或会导致认人结果出现问题或无法被法庭接受成为呈堂证据，影响最终的检控及判决。所以，若果有一名了解和熟悉列队认人程序的律师在场，他便可以在出现任何问题时指出并要求修正相关问题，以确保该次列队认人能妥善进行和公平公正。

Although the entire identification parade process will be presided over by a senior police officer (Chief Inspector or above) who was not involved in the investigation of the case, there is still a chance of procedural irregularities in the actual process, which may cause problems with the identification results or prevent them from being accepted by the court as evidence, affecting the final prosecution and judgment. Therefore, if a lawyer who understands and is familiar with the identification parade procedure is present, they can point out and request correction of any problems that arise to ensure that the identification parade is conducted properly and fairly.

梁漢威律師行對不同執法部門的調查程序有充分的認識和經驗，能夠為不同的客戶提供專業優質的法律意見和服務，包括陪同客戶一同進行認人手續。如有任何疑問，歡迎聯絡本行作查詢。

梁汉威律师行对不同执法部门的调查程序有充分的认识和经验，能够为不同的客户提供专业优质的法律意见和服务，包括陪同客户一同进行认人手续。如有任何疑问，欢迎联络本行作查询。

Hugo Leung & Lawyers has sufficient knowledge and experience with the investigation procedures of different law enforcement agencies and can provide professional and quality legal advice and services to different clients, including accompanying clients during identification procedures. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us for inquiries.